Peran Fitoremediasi dalam Pemulihan Tanah Tercemar Logam Berat: Tinjauan Mekanisme dan Aplikasi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jgit.v3i2.309Keywords:
Fitoremediasi, Logam Berat, HiperakumulatorAbstract
Pencemaran tanah oleh logam berat menjadi masalah lingkungan serius. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji mekanisme dan aplikasi fitoremediasi sebagai metode alternatif dalam pemulihan tanah tercemar logam berat. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi deskriptif berbasis kajian literatur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa fitoremediasi bekerja melalui tiga mekanisme utama: fitoekstraksi, fitostabilisasi, dan rizodegradasi. Beberapa tanaman hiperakumulator seperti Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Vetiveria zizanioides, dan Brassica juncea terbukti efektif menyerap dan menstabilkan logam berat seperti Cd, Pb, Cr, dan As. Efektivitasnya meningkat dengan penggunaan amandemen seperti biochar dan kompos. Selain mereduksi kandungan logam, fitoremediasi juga memperbaiki kondisi biologis tanah. Dengan keunggulan biaya rendah, keberlanjutan, dan dampak lingkungan minimal, fitoremediasi berpotensi menjadi solusi strategis dalam pemulihan tanah tercemar.
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