Legal Study on the Payment Mechanism of Copyright Royalties and Its Implications in the Indonesian Creative Industry
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/jgsp.v3i2.363Keywords:
Copyright, Creative Industry, RoyaltiesAbstract
The rapid development of the creative industry in Indonesia has prompted the emergence of various debates regarding the mechanism for payment of copyright royalties, especially related to direct and indirect payments to the owners of works. This problem is further complicated by various interpretations of applicable legal provisions, such as those stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2014 Article 2 and Article 3, as well as other implementing regulations that regulate the royalty distributive mechanism. This research aims to criticize and analyze in depth the differences in the royalty payment mechanism, identify existing legal loopholes, and provide recommendations for regulatory adjustments to create a fairer and more transparent system between creators and users of works. This study method uses a normative approach with juridical and comparative analysis, which is complemented by literature review, legal document studies, and case analysis related to the implementation of royalty payments in the creative industry sector. The results show that direct royalty payment mechanisms offer higher revenue transparency and accuracy in financial distribution, while indirect payment systems often lead to less effective administrative complexity and supervision. The analysis also revealed that there are shortcomings in the synchronization of implementation between laws and regulations and industry practices, thus causing potential legal disputes. Overall, this study concludes that regulatory harmonization through revision and sharpening of legal provisions, as well as improving supervisory mechanisms, is a strategic step to overcome copyright royalty polemics, encourage distributive justice, and support the sustainable growth of the creative industry in Indonesia.
References
A. Hastuti, S. Widodo, and F. Suhariadi, ‘Adaptation Strategies of Collective Management Institutions in Facing Digital Disruption in The Creative Industry’, RSF Conference Series: Business, Management and Social Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 186–193, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.31098/bmss.v4i1.876.
A. Mughni, Sanusi, and E. A. Pratama, ‘Analisis Hukum Mengenai Pengelolaan Royalty Atas Hak Cipta Lagu Populer’, Pancasakti Law Journal, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 279–286, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.24905/plj.v1i2.29.
A. Thalib, S. Zarina Syed Zakaria, K. Arifin, and M. Rizal Razman, ‘An Analysis Study on the Intellectual Property Regulation in Indonesia: Focusing on the Record of the Intellectual Property Licensing Agreements’, Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 273–278, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.36478/jeasci.2020.273.278.
A. Widayati, ‘Transparansi dan Akuntabilitas Lembaga Manajemen Kolektif dalam Pengelolaan Royalti Musik di Indonesia’, Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 77–92, 2022.
Ambadar, ‘Top Indonesian Musicians Challenge Copyright Law - Am Badar’, Am Badar Insights. Accessed: May 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://ambadar.com/insights/top-indonesian-musicians-challenge-copyright-law/
D. Shore, ‘Divergence and Convergence of Royalty Determinations between Compulsory Licensing under the TRIPS Agreement and Ongoing Royalties as an Equitable Remedy’, American Journal of Law & Medicine, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 55–88, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0098858820919553.
Daru Lukiantono, Mochamad Fachri, and Wiku Anindito, ‘In review: licensing and antitrust issues in Indonesia’, lexology. Accessed: May 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=b27de2f7-82d1-41c0-bb4f-adeb373e7745
Dicky Ardian, ‘Beda Bayar Royalti Langsung dan Kolektif, Mana Lebih Baik?’, detikPop. Accessed: May 05, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.detik.com/pop/music/d-7407906/beda-bayar-royalti-langsung-dan-kolektif-mana-lebih-baik
E. Edyth, ‘Problema Pembayaran Royalti kepada Pemegang Hak Cipta pada Acara-Acara yang Tertutup yang Dilaksanakan dalam Fasilitas Berbayar’, Unpar Law Review, vol. 1, no. 1, 2023.
E. R. Saputra, F. Fahmi, and Y. Daeng, ‘Mekanisme Pembayaran Royalti untuk Kepentingan Komersial Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta’, Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 13658–16378, 2022, doi: 10.31004/jptam.v6i3.4490.
F. Ezra Makahinda, H. Pondaag, and F. Baftim, ‘Tinjauan Yuridis Pembayaran Royalti Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 Tentang Hak Cipta’, LEX CRIMEN, vol. 12, no. 4, Nov. 2024.
F. Kharisma, ‘Pelaksanaan Pembayaran Royalti atas Lagu dalam Live Performance kepada Pencipta Lagu di Kafe Roemah Kesambi Kota Cirebon’, JIPRO?: Journal of Intellectual Property, vol. 5, no. 1, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.20885/jipro.vol5.iss1.art1.
Indonesia, Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM Nomor HKI.2.OT.03.01-02 Tahun 2016. Indonesia, 2016.
Indonesia, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 56 Tahun 2021 tentang Pengelolaan Royalti Hak Cipta Lagu dan/atau Musik. Indonesia, 2021.
Indonesia, Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Indonesia, 2014.
Kartini Djohan Consulting, ‘Bayar Royalti Lagu: ke Pencipta atau LMKN?’, hukumonline.com. Accessed: May 05, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.hukumonline.com/klinik/a/bayar-royalti-lagu-ke-pencipta-atau-lmkn-lt6626fb3a6dae0/
Kementerian Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif, Statistik Ekonomi Kreatif 2020. Jakarta: Badan Pariwisata dan Ekonomi Kreatif, 2021.
M. Bratajaya and R. Richard, ‘The Legality of Using Blockchain Technology in Enforcing Music Royalty Rights’, in Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Law, Social Sciences, Economics, and Education, ICLSSEE 2024, 25 May 2024, Jakarta, Indonesia, EAI, 2024. doi: 10.4108/eai.25-5-2024.2349381.
M. Handono, I. D. Widiyanti, and P. P. Andini, ‘Dispute Resolution over Management of Song and/or Music Royalties in Indonesia’, INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE HUMANITY & MANAGEMENT RESEARCH, vol. 3, no. 8, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.58806/ijsshmr.2024.v3i8n10.
M. P. Rokan, ‘Royalty Management Regulation for Song and/or Music Copyright: The Needs of Indonesian Musicians’, Locus Jurnal Konsep Ilmu Hukum, vol. 1, no. 1, 2021, doi: 10.56128/jkih.v1i1.15.
M. Surial, F. Kurniawan, and M. Rahmah, ‘Keabsahan Direct Licensing Atas Pengguna Layanan Komersial Pertunjukan Musik’, Unair, 2024.
Mahkamah Konstitusi RI, Putusan No. 33/PUU-XVI/2018 tentang Hak Cipta. 2018.
N. N. Y. Setiawati and N. W. E. Apryani, ‘Kedudukan dan Mekanisme Pembagian Royalti sebagai Harta Bersama dalam Perceraian’, Kertha Wicara: Journal Ilmu Hukum, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 554–567, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.24843/KW.2025.v14.i10.p5.
N. Z. Salsabila and K. Roisah, ‘Implementasi Pemberian Royalti bagi Pemegang Hak Cipta Terkait Pendistribusian Musik Melalui Platform SoundOn pada Aplikasi TikTok’, UNES Law Review, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 9551–9560, 2024.
Ni Made Harini, I Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Desak Gde Dwi Arini, ‘Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Hukum bagi Pemilik Hak Cipta Musik dan Lagu dalam Pembayaran Royalti oleh Yayasan Karya Cipta Indonesia’, Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 89–94, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.22225/juinhum.2.1.3111.89-94.
P. Suwadi, A. C. Sofyan, and R. S. Ramdhani, ‘Legal Comparison Between National Collective Management Institutions in Indonesia and United States’, Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental, vol. 18, no. 4, p. e04572, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.24857/rgsa.v18n4-015.
R. Frick and M. Rodríguez, ‘Collective Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Digital Era’, Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 215–228, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab011.
R. Y. Yaman, B. F. Kiren, T. Marlina, and R. Handiriono, ‘Pengaturan Hukum Pendistribusian Royalti Hak Cipta dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pelarangan Lagu oleh Pencipta’, Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik, vol. 4, no. 5, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v4i5.2313.
Redaksi, ‘Indonesian Royalty Watch (IRW) Indonesia Tidak Mengenal Direct License Sesuai UU Hak Cipta 28 Tahun 2014 - Marwah Media’, marwahmedia. Accessed: May 06, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.marwahmedia.com/2024/09/16/indonesian-royalty-watch-irw-indonesia-tidak-mengenal-direct-license-sesuai-uu-hak-cipta-28-tahun-2014/
Republik Indonesia, Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata. Indonesia, 1847.
S. Clark and A. Stephens, ‘Reducing Injustice? A Grounded Approach to Strengthening Hybrid Justice Systems: Lessons From Indonesia’, grassrootsjusticenetwork. [Online]. Available: https://grassrootsjusticenetwork.org/resources/reducing-injustice-a-grounded-approach-to-strengthening-hybrid-justice-systems-lessons-from-indonesia/
S. Permana, M. S. Alfarizi, and T. W. Irianto, ‘Analisis Komparatif Sistem Perlindungan Hak Cipta dengan Studi Kasus Lembaga Kolektif Manajemen Nasional (LKMN) di Indonesia dan Korea Music Copyright Association (KOMCA)’, Jurnal Hukum dan HAM Wara Sains, vol. 4, no. 01, pp. 167–177, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.58812/jhhws.v4i01.1960.
S. Wiryono and D. Prabowo, ‘Gugatan UU Hak Cipta, antara Polemik Royalti dan Kekhawatiran Penyanyi’, Kompas.com. Accessed: May 05, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/03/13/07251461/gugatan-uu-hak-cipta-antara-polemik-royalti-dan-kekhawatiran-penyanyi?page=all
W. Pertiwi, Firdaus, and N. Rasudin, ‘Tanggung Jawab Pembayaran Royalti Kepada Pemegang Hak Cipta Lagu Dan/Atau Musik Oleh Pelaku Usaha Kafe Di Kecamatan Sail Kota Pekanbaru’, Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, vol. 4, no. 4, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i4.11024.
Yoseph Krishna, Nuzulia Nur Rahma, and Siti Nur Arifa, ‘Menyoal Kepatuhan Pelaku Usaha Membayar Royalti Hak Cipta’, validnews. Accessed: May 05, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://validnews.id/ekonomi/menyoal-kepatuhan-pelaku-usaha-membayar-royalti-hak-cipta
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ibrahim, Zudan Arief Fakrulloh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Hak cipta :
Penulis yang mempublikasikan manuskripnya di jurnal ini menyetujui ketentuan berikut:
- Hak cipta pada setiap artikel adalah milik penulis.
- Penulis mengakui bahwa Jurnal Greenation Sosial dan Politik (JGSP) berhak menjadi yang pertama menerbitkan dengan lisensi Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (Attribution 4.0 International CC BY 4.0) .
- Penulis dapat mengirimkan artikel secara terpisah, mengatur distribusi non-eksklusif manuskrip yang telah diterbitkan dalam jurnal ini ke versi lain (misalnya, dikirim ke repositori institusi penulis, publikasi ke dalam buku, dll.), dengan mengakui bahwa manuskrip telah diterbitkan pertama kali di JGSP.
